CVE-2025-31209: 
macOS vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-31209 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability discovered in Apple's CoreGraphics component that was disclosed on May 12, 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple Apple operating systems including watchOS 11.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, and macOS Ventura 13.7.6. The vulnerability was discovered by Hossein Lotfi of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative (Apple Security, NVD).

The vulnerability is classified as an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the CoreGraphics component. When parsing a file, the vulnerability could lead to disclosure of user information due to improper bounds checking. The issue received a CVSS v3.1 Base Score of 6.3 (MEDIUM) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L (NVD).

The vulnerability allows an attacker to potentially access and disclose user information through improper file parsing. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive user data when processing maliciously crafted files (Apple Security).

Apple has addressed this vulnerability by implementing improved bounds checking in the affected systems. The fix is available in the following updates: watchOS 11.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, and macOS Ventura 13.7.6. Users are advised to update their devices to these versions to mitigate the vulnerability (Apple Security).