Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) is a comprehensive suite of integrated business applications that enable organizations to make better decisions, reduce costs, and increase performance. It covers a wide range of business functions, including financials, supply chain management, human resources, customer relationship management, procurement, project management, and more.

Oracle E-Business Suite

Vulnerability in the Oracle Concurrent Processing product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: BI Publisher Integration).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Concurrent Processing.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Concurrent Processing. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

CVE-2025-61882

Linux

Linux Kernel

Redis is a data structure server. It is open-source, networked, in-memory, and stores keys with optional durability.

Redis

Valkey is a high-performance, open-source, in-memory data store used as a database, cache, and message broker. It is a community-driven fork of Redis, created in 2024 after Redis changed its license to a more restrictive model. Valkey retains full Redis compatibility and remains under the permissive BSD license, ensuring it's free and open-source for all use cases.

Valkey

Debian GNU/Linux is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software.

Linux Debian

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian, mostly composed of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for internet of things devices and robots. All the editions can run on the computer alone or in a virtual machine.

Linux Ubuntu

Fedora is a popular open-source, Linux-based operating system.

Linux Fedora

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a Linux distribution developed by Red Hat for the commercial market.

Linux Red Hat

Linux openSUSE

The Amazon Linux is a supported and maintained Linux image provided by Amazon Web Services for use on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2).

Amazon Linux

Alpine Linux is a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, designed for security, simplicity, and resource efficiency.

Linux Alpine

Oracle Linux is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006. It is compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's.

Linux Oracle

Redis is an open source, in-memory database that persists on disk. Versions 8.2.1 and below allow an authenticated user to use a specially crafted Lua script to manipulate the garbage collector, trigger a use-after-free and potentially lead to remote code execution. The problem exists in all versions of Redis with Lua scripting. This issue is fixed in version 8.2.2. To workaround this issue without patching the redis-server executable is to prevent users from executing Lua scripts. This can be done using ACL to restrict EVAL and EVALSHA commands.

CVE-2025-49844

Alpine

Alpine Security Tracker

CBL-Mariner

CBL Mariner

Debian

Debian Security Tracker

Homebrew

MinimOS

Minimus

NixOS

Red Hat

Red Hat Errata

Rocky

Rocky Linux

Rocky Linux Product Errata

Ubuntu

Ubuntu Security Tracker

Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) is a security device that combines firewall, antivirus, intrusion prevention, and virtual private network (VPN) capabilities. It provides proactive threat defense that stops attacks before they spread through the network.

Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA)

Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) is a unified software solution that integrates comprehensive network security features, including firewall capabilities, application control, intrusion prevention, and malware protection.

Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD)

A vulnerability in the VPN web server of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access restricted URL endpoints that are related to remote access VPN that should otherwise be inaccessible without authentication.
 This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted web server on a device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access a restricted URL without authentication.

CVE-2025-20362

A vulnerability in the VPN web server of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests. An attacker with valid VPN user credentials could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as root, possibly resulting in the complete compromise of the affected device.

CVE-2025-20333

GoAnywhere MFT is a secure managed file transfer (MFT) software solution that allows businesses to securely exchange files with trading partners, customers, and internal systems.

GoAnywhere MFT

A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged license response signature to deserialize an arbitrary actor-controlled object, possibly leading to command injection.

CVE-2025-10035

Windows

Windows Cumulative Update

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its key feature is the high readability of the code. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Functional Programming.

Python

CKAN is an open-source DMS (data management system) for powering data hubs and data portals. Prior to 2.10.9 and 2.11.4, the helpers.markdown_extract() function did not perform sufficient sanitization of input data before wrapping in an HTML literal element. This helper is used to render user-provided data on dataset, resource, organization or group pages (plus any page provided by an extension that used that helper function), leading to a potential XSS vector. This vulnerability has been fixed in CKAN 2.10.9 and 2.11.4.

CVE-2025-54384

GitHub Advisory Database

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard that aims to simplify how AI applications, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), connect with external data sources and tools.

Model Context Protocol

### Summary
FastMCP documentation [covers the scenario](https://gofastmcp.com/integrations/azure) where it is possible to use Entra ID or other providers for authentication. In this context, because Entra ID does not support Dynamic Client Registration (DCR), the FastMCP-hosted MCP server is acting as the authorization provider, as declared in the Protected Resource Metadata (PRM) document hosted on the server.
For example, on a local MCP server, it may be hosted here:
```http
http://localhost:8000/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource
```
And the JSON representation of the PRM document:
```json
{
  "resource": "http://localhost:8000/mcp",
  "authorization_servers": [
    "http://localhost:8000/"
  ],
  "scopes_supported": [
    "User.Read",
    "email",
    "openid",
    "profile"
  ],
  "bearer_methods_supported": [
    "header"
  ]
}
```
Notice that the `authorization_servers` field contains the MCP server itself - it acts as an **OAuth Client** to the downstream authorization server (e.g., Entra ID) and as a **Authorization Server** (AS) to the MCP client.
The FastMCP server also hosts the AS metadata:
```bash
http://localhost:8000/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server
```
With the following content:
```json
{
  "issuer": "http://localhost:8000/",
  "authorization_endpoint": "http://localhost:8000/authorize",
  "token_endpoint": "http://localhost:8000/token",
  "registration_endpoint": "http://localhost:8000/register",
  "scopes_supported": [
    "User.Read",
    "email",
    "openid",
    "profile"
  ],
  "response_types_supported": [
    "code"
  ],
  "grant_types_supported": [
    "authorization_code",
    "refresh_token"
  ],
  "token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported": [
    "client_secret_post"
  ],
  "code_challenge_methods_supported": [
    "S256"
  ]
}
```
All of this confirms that the FastMCP server is, in fact, handling the client-to-server authorization and then delegating the downstream effects (i.e., authorization with Entra ID) to its own redirect logic, with a call like this (as seen through MCP Inspector):
```http
http://localhost:8000/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=fdec0bb8-3423-40d0-aa2a-73de26bf6f93&code_challenge=2a9ZxAEr5NEsKPwFWuEFA1W-kFMXc-02u6qc8aLf_g4&code_challenge_method=S256&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A6274%2Foauth%2Fcallback%2Fdebug&state=9f23fd47e2b8786b502f116bdbfd6ae3d7d2801167e24fea82f608bb52312bbd&scope=User.Read+email+openid+profile&resource=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8000%2Fmcp
```
When using the built-in FastMCP `/authorize` endpoint, and in the example above, FastMCP server configured with Entra ID, it will then redirect the user here:
```http
https://login.microsoftonline.com/412e93fe-74e5-4ee6-9b67-1eeb1c79550e/oauth2/v2.0/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=7bac43f2-ca62-4148-93a5-fd5686cb16c0&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8000%2Fauth%2Fcallback&state=Tcv7bbg_v0Qi69RHbCzqR4tQHSHKPQuDDxjuo0wu5qU&scope=User.Read+email+openid+profile&code_challenge=bxICFAJDViuTTHIPUPdSXGLKbNbgPwiB-0ITXUJkjYM&code_challenge_method=S256&resource=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8000%2Fmcp
```
>[!NOTE]
>In the scenario above, the app registration in Entra ID is set up in the FastMCP server, as outlined in the PoC below.
<img width="2725" height="630" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7ea612bf-a49e-44da-bd79-236c26bb42f3" />
Notice that the client ID and redirect URIs in the `login.microsoftonline.com` call are different than the initial `/authorize` call - that's because we're now switching to using the MCP server's **static app registration** instead of the DCR client details.
Completing the authorization flow here for the first time for a user would trigger the Entra ID consent flow:
<img width="751" height="952" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2cc4b7ee-c110-4623-8f86-438821f4addf" />
This consent flow is **only showed the first time the user needs to use this application**. Once the consent is set, they will never be prompted for this unless revoked.
This is where the vulnerability comes in. After the user consented and is authorized, Entra ID will set a browser cookie capturing the authorization state. This helps prevent nagging re-authorization prompts.
With the user consented to the **static client for Entra ID** that the FastMCP server exposes, they will now not be prompted the next time they need to use the same application ID.
Now, an attacker comes in - in **their own MCP client** (i.e., they maintain one at `https://evil.example.com`) they start the authorization with the same remote MCP server and get to the point where the server produces **their own** authorization URI for this client ID:
```http
http://localhost:8000/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=9a5d63d0-3aa3-465c-b097-0e2e196392dd&code_challenge=2F4Lbfppwd7xuynLT1y4Cy2Dac-S6HOO2B84itAwppw&code_challenge_method=S256&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fevil.example.com%3A6274%2Foauth%2Fcallback%2Fdebug&state=221fab2ccdc1481511639c110ee7382445930e22be25396b01f32d973d7176dc&scope=User.Read+email+openid+profile&resource=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8000%2Fmcp
```
>[!IMPORTANT]
>Note that the redirect URI above points to the `https://evil.example.com` client.
At this point - they grab the URL and **coerce the victim** (user that already authenticated with Entra ID on their machine) to click on this link. This could be done through spam, spear-phishing, or any other traditional link sharing approaches. The moment the victim clicks on this link, they will be taken to the browser, where there is already a cookie set by Entra ID for the **static Entra ID client that the MCP server is using**. The DCR-d **registered client ID** that the FastMCP server is handling now got linked to the internal FastMCP authorization server, and the authorization code is returned to `https://evil.example.com`.
The user will be automatically speed-ran through the authorization flow (no prompts) and they will effectively give access to the MCP server to the attacker with their account. Attacker can now exchange the authorization code for a token and access the remote MCP server as the victim.
### Details
See above - the outline covers the attack vector.
### PoC
Standard documented sample that uses Entra ID:
```python
from fastmcp import FastMCP
from fastmcp.server.auth.providers.azure import AzureProvider
# The AzureProvider handles Azure's token format and validation
auth_provider = AzureProvider(
    client_id="f527ed01-9725-45bd-8173-8d3a017ba02f",  # Your Azure App Client ID
    client_secret="H3X8Q~coFQaI_zpYXePrzdRFZ7xmwEORJJ49tcnw",                 # Your Azure App Client Secret
    tenant_id="412e93fe-74e5-4ee6-9b67-1eeb1c79550e", # Your Azure Tenant ID (REQUIRED)
    base_url="http://localhost:8000",                   # Must match your App registration
    required_scopes=["User.Read", "email", "openid", "profile"],  # Microsoft Graph permissions
    # redirect_path="/auth/callback"                  # Default value, customize if needed
)
mcp = FastMCP(name="Azure Secured App", auth=auth_provider)
# Add a protected tool to test authentication
@mcp.tool
async def get_user_info() -> dict:
    """Returns information about the authenticated Azure user."""
    from fastmcp.server.dependencies import get_access_token
    
    token = get_access_token()
    # The AzureProvider stores user data in token claims
    return {
        "azure_id": token.claims.get("sub"),
        "email": token.claims.get("email"),
        "name": token.claims.get("name"),
        "job_title": token.claims.get("job_title"),
        "office_location": token.claims.get("office_location")
    }
```
### Impact
Potential for server account compromise.

GHSA-c2jp-c369-7pvx

A vulnerability has been identified in Rancher Manager, where sensitive 
information, including secret data, cluster import URLs, and 
registration tokens, is exposed to any entity with access to Rancher 
audit logs.

CVE-2024-58269

GoLang

A vulnerability has been identified within Rancher 
Manager, where after removing a custom GlobalRole that gives 
administrative access or the corresponding binding, the user still 
retains access to clusters. This only affects custom Global Roles that have a * on * in * rule for resources or have a * on * rule for non-resource URLs

CVE-2023-32199

Class based , object oriented programming language. Designed to have less dependencies as possible. The syntex of Java is smilier to C and C++. Commonly used for client-server applications. Java files are compiled by JVM (Java Virtual Machine)

Java

Jenkins MCP Server Plugin 0.84.v50ca_24ef83f2 and earlier does not perform permission checks in multiple MCP tools, allowing attackers to trigger builds and obtain information about job and cloud configuration they should not be able to access.

CVE ID	Gravidade	Pontuação	Tecnologias	Nome do componente	Exploração do CISA KEV	Tem correção	Data de publicação
CVE-2025-61882	CRITICAL	9.8	Oracle E-Business Suite	cpe:2.3:a:oracle:e-business_suite	Sim	Não	Oct 05, 2025
CVE-2025-49844	CRITICAL	9.9	Redis	redis-6.2	Não	Sim	Oct 03, 2025
CVE-2025-20362	MEDIUM	6.5	Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA)	cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense	Sim	Sim	Sep 25, 2025
CVE-2025-20333	CRITICAL	9.9	Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA)	cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense	Sim	Sim	Sep 25, 2025
CVE-2025-10035	CRITICAL	9.8	GoAnywhere MFT	cpe:2.3:a:fortra:goanywhere_managed_file_transfer	Sim	Sim	Sep 18, 2025

CVE ID	Gravidade	Pontuação	Tecnologias	Nome do componente	Exploração do CISA KEV	Tem correção	Data de publicação
CVE-2025-54384	MEDIUM	6.3	Python	ckan	Não	Sim	Oct 29, 2025
GHSA-c2jp-c369-7pvx	HIGH	7.3	Model Context Protocol	fastmcp	Não	Sim	Oct 29, 2025
CVE-2024-58269	MEDIUM	4.3	N/A	github.com/rancher/rancher	Não	Sim	Oct 29, 2025
CVE-2023-32199	MEDIUM	4.3	N/A	github.com/rancher/rancher	Não	Sim	Oct 29, 2025
CVE-2025-64132	MEDIUM	5.4	Java	io.jenkins.plugins:mcp-server	Não	Sim	Oct 29, 2025

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