CVE-2021-30778: 
macOS vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2021-30778 is a security vulnerability discovered in macOS Big Sur's Kext Management component. The vulnerability was disclosed and fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.5, released on July 21, 2021. The issue affects macOS Big Sur versions from 11.0 up to (excluding) 11.5, allowing a malicious application to bypass Privacy preferences (Apple Advisory).

The vulnerability stems from an entitlements issue in the Kext Management component of macOS Big Sur. The security flaw was addressed by implementing improved entitlements in the system. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.5 (Medium) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N, indicating local access is required and user interaction is needed (NVD).

When exploited, this vulnerability allows a malicious application to bypass Privacy preferences on the affected system. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive user data and privacy settings that are normally protected by the operating system's security controls (Apple Advisory).

Apple has addressed this vulnerability in macOS Big Sur 11.5. Users running affected versions of macOS Big Sur (11.0 to 11.4) should update their systems to version 11.5 or later to protect against this security issue (Apple Advisory).