CVE-2024-21428: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2024-21428 is a SQL Server Native Client OLE DB Provider Remote Code Execution Vulnerability that affects various versions of Microsoft SQL Server. The vulnerability was initially discovered and reported to Microsoft on December 8, 2023, and was publicly disclosed on July 9, 2024. The affected systems include multiple versions of Microsoft SQL Server including SQL Server 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2022 (NVD).

The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (HIGH) with the following vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound) according to Microsoft's assessment. The vulnerability affects specific versions of SQL Server, including SQL Server 2016 (13.0.6300.2 to 13.0.6441.1), SQL Server 2017 (14.0.1000.169 to 14.0.2056.2), SQL Server 2019 (15.0.2000.5 to 15.0.2116.2), and SQL Server 2022 (16.0.1000.6 to 16.0.1121.4) (NVD).

This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute remote code on affected systems, potentially leading to full system compromise. The high CVSS score indicates severe potential impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems (Microsoft).

Microsoft has released security updates to address this vulnerability through multiple Knowledge Base (KB) articles including KB5040936, KB5040939, KB5040940, KB5040942, KB5040946, KB5040948, and KB5040986. It is recommended to apply these security updates to affected systems as soon as possible (Rapid7).