CVE-2024-27280: 
Ruby vulnerability analysis and mitigation

A buffer-overread vulnerability (CVE-2024-27280) was discovered in StringIO 3.0.1, affecting Ruby versions 3.0.x through 3.0.6 and 3.1.x through 3.1.4. The vulnerability was disclosed on March 21, 2024 (Ruby Lang).

The vulnerability exists in the ungetbyte and ungetc methods on a StringIO object, which can read past the end of a string. When followed by a subsequent call to StringIO.gets, this may result in returning memory values. The issue has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 CRITICAL with vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (NVD).

The vulnerability could potentially lead to unauthorized access to memory values, which could expose sensitive information or lead to other security implications. The high CVSS score indicates critical severity with potential for complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CISA-ADP).

Users are recommended to update to fixed versions: For Ruby 3.0 users, update to stringio 3.0.1.1, and for Ruby 3.1 users, update to stringio 3.0.1.2. Alternatively, users can update to StringIO 3.0.3 or later versions. For those using bundler, it's recommended to add 'gem "stringio", ">= 3.0.1.2"' to their Gemfile (Ruby Lang).