CVE-2024-33599: 
NixOS vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2024-33599 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Name Service Cache Daemon (nscd) of GNU C Library (glibc). The vulnerability was introduced in glibc 2.15 when the netgroup cache was added to nscd. The flaw occurs when the nscd's fixed size cache is exhausted by client requests, causing a subsequent client request for netgroup data to potentially trigger a stack-based buffer overflow (GLIBC Advisory, NVD).

The vulnerability specifically affects the netgroup cache functionality in the nscd binary. It was introduced through commit 684ae515993269277448150a1ca70db3b94aa5bd in glibc 2.15 and has been present in all versions up to 2.39.9000. The issue manifests as a stack-based buffer overflow condition when the fixed-size cache becomes exhausted from client requests (GLIBC Advisory).

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to disclosure of sensitive information, addition or modification of data, or Denial of Service (DoS). The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS score of 8.1 (HIGH) with the vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (NetApp Advisory).

The vulnerability has been fixed in multiple versions of glibc through various commits, including version 2.40. Organizations using affected versions should upgrade to the patched versions. For Debian 10 buster, the fix is available in version 2.28-10+deb10u4 (Debian Advisory).

The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on April 23, 2024, and has received attention from major vendors and Linux distributions. Multiple organizations, including NetApp and Debian, have issued security advisories and patches for their affected products (OSS Security).