CVE-2025-23166: 
Node.js vulnerability analysis and mitigation

A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-23166) was discovered in Node.js affecting all active release lines (20.x, 22.x, 23.x, and 24.x). The vulnerability was disclosed on May 14, 2025, and involves improper error handling in asynchronous cryptographic operations that could lead to process crashes (Node.js Blog).

The vulnerability exists in the C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() which may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread. This flaw occurs during cryptographic operations that commonly process untrusted inputs. The issue has been assigned a high severity rating and affects multiple Node.js versions (Node.js Blog, Security Online).

The vulnerability enables an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime, potentially leading to a denial of service condition. This impact is particularly significant as it affects all users across multiple active release lines and can disrupt critical services (Node.js Blog, Security Online).

Users are strongly advised to update to the patched versions: Node.js v20.19.2, v22.15.1, v23.11.1, or v24.0.2. These updates have been made available to address the vulnerability and provide necessary security fixes (Node.js Blog).

The security community has responded promptly to this vulnerability, with credit given to @panva and @tniessen for reporting and fixing the issue. The Node.js team has classified this as a high-severity vulnerability requiring immediate attention (Node.js Blog).