CVE-2025-27610: 
Ruby vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-27610 affects Rack, a Ruby web application interface framework. The vulnerability was discovered in versions prior to 2.2.13, 3.0.14, and 3.1.12, where Rack::Static fails to properly sanitize user-supplied paths before serving files. This path traversal vulnerability was disclosed on March 10, 2025 (NVD, GitHub Advisory).

The vulnerability exists in the Rack::Static component which does not properly validate encoded path traversal sequences in user-supplied paths. When processing file requests, the component fails to correctly validate these sequences, allowing attackers to access files outside the designated static file directory. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, indicating it can be exploited remotely without requiring privileges or user interaction (GitHub Advisory).

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to all files under the specified root: directory of the server, provided they can determine the path of the file. This could lead to exposure of sensitive information stored in files that were not intended to be publicly accessible (GitHub Advisory).

Several mitigation options are available: upgrade to patched versions (2.2.13, 3.0.14, or 3.1.12), remove usage of Rack::Static, or ensure that root: points to a directory containing only files intended for public access. Additionally, using a CDN or similar static file server may help mitigate the issue (GitHub Advisory).