CVE-2025-30388: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Windows Win32K - GRFX component, identified as CVE-2025-30388. The vulnerability was first recorded on March 21, 2025, and publicly disclosed on May 13, 2025. This security flaw affects multiple Microsoft products including various versions of Windows Server (2008 through 2025), Windows 10, Windows 11, and Microsoft Office installations across different platforms (NVD Database, CVE Mitre).

The vulnerability is classified as a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) and out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) issue. Microsoft has assigned it a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (High), with a vector string of CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. This scoring indicates that the vulnerability requires local access and user interaction, but no privileges, while potentially impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability at high levels (NVD Database).

The vulnerability allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally on affected systems. Given the high CVSS scores for confidentiality, integrity, and availability, successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise at the local level (NVD Database).

Microsoft has released patch KB5058384 to address this vulnerability. However, some users have reported issues with the patch not properly updating DLLs in C:\Windows\System32. Recommended workarounds include verifying update installation through Settings > Update & Security > View update history, ensuring all pending reboots are completed, and running DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth to repair the Windows Component Store (Microsoft QA).