CVE-2025-31221: 
macOS vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-31221 is a security vulnerability discovered in Apple's operating systems that was disclosed on May 12, 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple Apple platforms including watchOS 11.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, and macOS Ventura 13.7.6. The issue was identified as an integer overflow vulnerability in the Security component that could allow a remote attacker to leak memory (Apple Security Updates).

The vulnerability is classified as an integer overflow issue that was addressed with improved input validation. It received a CVSS v3.1 Base Score of 7.5 (HIGH) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, indicating it can be exploited remotely with low attack complexity and requires no privileges or user interaction (NVD). The vulnerability is associated with CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound) according to CISA-ADP's assessment.

The primary impact of this vulnerability is that a remote attacker may be able to leak memory from affected systems. This could potentially lead to the exposure of sensitive information stored in memory at the time of exploitation (Apple Security Updates, Apple tvOS).

Apple has released security updates to address this vulnerability across their affected operating systems. Users should update to watchOS 11.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, or macOS Ventura 13.7.6 depending on their device (Apple Security Updates).