CVE-2025-47978: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-47978 is a security vulnerability discovered in Windows Kerberos, first disclosed on July 8, 2025. The vulnerability is characterized as an out-of-bounds read condition that allows an authorized attacker to perform denial of service attacks over a network. This vulnerability affects multiple versions of Windows Server, including Windows Server 2025, Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2022 23H2 (NVD, CVE).

The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (Medium) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H. The vulnerability is classified as CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) and requires low attack complexity with network vector access. The attack requires low privileges but no user interaction (NVD).

When successfully exploited, this vulnerability can lead to denial of service conditions, affecting the availability of the Windows Kerberos service. The CVSS scoring indicates high impact on availability (A:H) while maintaining no impact on confidentiality (C:N) or integrity (I:N) (NVD).

Microsoft has released security updates to address this vulnerability. The fixes are available for affected versions including Windows Server 2025 (up to version 10.0.26100.4652), Windows Server 2022 (up to version 10.0.20348.3932), and Windows Server 2022 23H2 (up to version 10.0.25398.1732). Users are advised to apply the latest security updates through Windows Update (Microsoft Updates).