CVE-2025-48379: 
Python vulnerability analysis and mitigation

Pillow, a Python imaging library, contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability (CVE-2025-48379) in versions 11.2.0 to before 11.3.0. The vulnerability occurs when writing a sufficiently large (>64k encoded with default settings) image in the DDS format due to writing into a buffer without checking for available space. This vulnerability was discovered and patched in version 11.3.0, affecting users who save untrusted data as a compressed DDS image (GitHub Advisory).

The vulnerability is classified as a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (High). The attack vector is Local (AV:L), with Low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring Low privileges (PR:L), and No user interaction (UI:N). The scope is Unchanged (S:U), with No impact on confidentiality (C:N), but High impact on both integrity (I:H) and availability (A:H) (GitHub Advisory).

The vulnerability's impact is potentially severe, with the buffer overflow being likely limited by process segfault, making it not necessarily deterministic. The potential write could be practically unbounded, with bytes being emitted in chunks of 8 or 16. The vulnerability affects both system integrity and availability, while confidentiality remains uncompromised (GitHub Advisory).

The vulnerability has been patched in Pillow version 11.3.0. Users are advised to upgrade to this version or later to address the security issue. The fix involves implementing proper buffer space checking before writing compressed DDS images (GitHub Release).