CVE-2025-48821: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-48821 is a vulnerability discovered in Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host, disclosed on July 8, 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems, including Windows Server 2008, 2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, Windows 10, and Windows 11 versions (NVD CVE).

The vulnerability is classified as a Use After Free (CWE-416) weakness in the Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host component. Microsoft has assigned it a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (High), with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. This scoring indicates that the vulnerability requires adjacent network access, has high attack complexity, requires low privileges, needs no user interaction, and can result in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (NVD CVE).

The vulnerability allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network, potentially compromising the security of affected systems. The high CVSS score indicates severe potential impacts on system confidentiality, integrity, and availability if successfully exploited (NVD CVE).

Microsoft has released security updates to address this vulnerability as part of the July 2025 security updates. The updates are available through Windows Update and the Microsoft Update Catalog for all affected versions of Windows (Microsoft Updates).