CVE-2025-49678: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

A vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49678 was discovered in Windows NTFS, involving a null pointer dereference that allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. The vulnerability was initially recorded on June 9, 2025, and was publicly disclosed on July 8, 2025. The issue affects multiple versions of Microsoft Windows Server and Windows operating systems (NVD, CVE).

The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.0 (HIGH), with the following vector string: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. The technical classification includes CWE-362 (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization - 'Race Condition') and CWE-476 (NULL Pointer Dereference) (NVD).

The vulnerability poses a significant security risk as it allows privilege elevation on affected systems. With a high CVSS score of 7.0, the vulnerability can potentially lead to complete compromise of system confidentiality, integrity, and availability if successfully exploited (NVD).

Microsoft has released security updates for affected systems including Windows Server 2008, 2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, and various Windows 10 and 11 versions. The fixes are available for versions up to Windows Server 2025 (version 10.0.26100.4652) and corresponding client operating systems (NVD).