CVE-2025-50154: 
vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-50154 is a security vulnerability discovered in Windows File Explorer that allows unauthorized attackers to perform spoofing over a network through exposure of sensitive information. The vulnerability was disclosed on August 12, 2025, affecting multiple versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems including Windows 10, Windows 11, and various Windows Server editions (NVD).

The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 Base Score of 7.5 (HIGH) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. It is classified under CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor). The vulnerability allows attackers to extract NTLM hashes without any user interaction, even on fully patched systems, by exploiting a gap in previous mitigations (Hacker News).

The vulnerability enables attackers to extract NTLM hashes automatically, which can then be used for offline cracking or relay attacks to gain unauthorized access. This could potentially lead to significant security breaches in affected systems (Hacker News).

Microsoft has released security updates to address this vulnerability across affected Windows versions. The patches are available through the standard Windows Update mechanism and are included in the August 2025 Patch Tuesday release (NVD).