CVE-2025-54314: 
Ruby vulnerability analysis and mitigation

CVE-2025-54314 is a security vulnerability affecting Thor versions before 1.4.0, where the software can construct an unsafe shell command from library input. The vulnerability was discovered and disclosed on July 19, 2025, primarily affecting the Ruby-based Thor library, which is widely used in Rails applications (NVD, Debian Tracker).

The vulnerability is classified as an OS Command Injection (CWE-78) issue. It received a CVSS v3.1 Base Score of 2.8 (LOW) with the vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N. The technical nature of the vulnerability involves the improper construction of shell commands from library input, which could potentially allow for command injection (NVD, Snyk).

The vulnerability has a low severity impact but could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands by supplying crafted input that is improperly handled during the construction of commands. The CVSS scoring indicates that while the vulnerability requires local access and has high attack complexity, it could potentially affect system integrity (Snyk).

The vulnerability has been fixed in Thor version 1.4.0. Users are advised to upgrade to this version or later to address the security issue. The fix involves changing how shell commands are constructed from library input (GitHub Release, GitHub PR).

The vulnerability has prompted several downstream projects to update their dependencies to Thor 1.4.0, including modulesync and danger-ruby-swiftlint. The security fix has been acknowledged and incorporated into various distribution packages, including OpenSUSE (GitHub PR).