CVE-2025-9288: 
JavaScript vulnerability analysis and mitigation

A critical security vulnerability (CVE-2025-9288) has been discovered in sha.js, a widely used JavaScript library that implements the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) family. The vulnerability affects versions through 2.4.11 and stems from improper input validation, allowing input data manipulation. With over 14 million weekly downloads, this library is extensively used in Node.js and browser-based applications that rely on cryptographic hashing for security (Security Online, NVD).

The vulnerability arises from missing input type checks in the library's implementation. The flaw has been assigned a CVSS v4.0 score of 9.1 (CRITICAL), with the vector string CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N. The vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate how hash values are calculated, potentially leading to hash collisions and cryptographic key extraction. The technical implementation fails to properly validate input data types, particularly when handling JSON-stringifyable input (GitHub Advisory).

The vulnerability has severe implications for cryptographic security. Key impacts include hash state rewind capabilities, value miscalculation leading to hash collisions, potential denial of service conditions, and most critically, the possibility of private key extraction in cryptographic implementations. When nonces are generated through hashing, matching nonces for different values can lead to immediate private key restoration, compromising the entire cryptographic system (Security Online, GitHub Advisory).

Organizations and developers using sha.js should immediately upgrade to the patched version 2.4.12 to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability (Security Online).