GHSA-cpgf-5mjf-73p7: 
Ruby vulnerability analysis and mitigation

Summary

Rails::HTML::PermitScrubber restricts the href and xlink:href attributes of SVG reference elements to local references. That check matched the attribute value against /^\s*[^#\s].*/m. In Ruby ^ anchors to every line start and \s matches newlines, so an all-whitespace value made the engine rescan the value from each of its line starts, taking time quadratic in its length.

• Versions affected: >= 1.0.3, < 1.7.2
• Not affected: < 1.0.3
• Fixed versions: 1.7.2 CRuby 3.1 and earlier, and JRuby, are affected. CRuby 3.2 added linear-time regexp matching, which makes the pattern linear. JRuby's regexp engine does not.

Impact

An attacker who supplies HTML to be sanitized can consume CPU out of proportion to the input size, by sending an SVG reference element whose href or xlink:href is a long run of whitespace. Applications are affected only when the allowed tags are overridden to include an SVG reference element such as use, along with href or xlink:href in the allowed attributes. The default allowed tags include no SVG elements, so the default configuration is not affected. Applications that use Loofah directly are exposed through its own copy of the check, fixed in Loofah 2.25.3.

Workarounds

On CRuby, run 3.2 or later, which matches the pattern in linear time. Alternatively, remove the SVG reference elements from the overridden allowed tags.

References

• GHSA-mf2j-8f84-cc9q: the same flaw in Loofah
• CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
• Ruby 3.2.0 release notes

Credit

Reported by scyoon through the Rails HackerOne program.