CVE-2025-3277: 
SQLite vulnerability analysis and mitigation

An integer overflow vulnerability was discovered in SQLite's concat_ws() function (CVE-2025-3277). The vulnerability was disclosed on April 14, 2025, affecting SQLite's string concatenation functionality. When the function processes a large separator value with multiple arguments, it can trigger an integer overflow condition that leads to improper buffer allocation (NVD, SQLite Commit).

The vulnerability occurs when the concat_ws() function processes the size calculation for buffer allocation. When a truncated integer is used to allocate a buffer, but the original untruncated size is used for writing the resulting string, it can trigger a heap buffer overflow of approximately 4GB in size. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v4.0 base score of 6.9 (Medium) with the vector string CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L and is classified as CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) (Red Hat).

The vulnerability can result in arbitrary code execution when successfully exploited. The heap buffer overflow condition can potentially allow attackers to execute malicious code, leading to system compromise (NVD).

A fix has been implemented through a code change that adds a typecast to prevent the 32-bit integer overflow in the concat_ws() function when processing enormous separator values with many arguments. The patch was committed on February 16, 2025 (SQLite Commit).